CBSE Class 12 Informatics Practices Syllabus 2025-26: A Complete Guide

Welcome, Class 12 students! As you step into the final and most crucial year of your school life, it's time to gear up and strategize your studies. For students of Informatics Practices (IP), a clear understanding of the syllabus is the first step toward acing your board exams. The 2025-26 curriculum (Subject Code: 065) is designed to build upon your Class 11 knowledge, diving deeper into data handling, advanced database queries, and the societal impact of technology.

This guide provides a complete, detailed breakdown of the CBSE Class 12 Informatics Practices syllabus for the 2025-26 academic year. Let's dive in!

Learning Outcomes: What Will You Master?

By the end of this course, you will have developed a robust skill set, enabling you to:

• Effectively use Pandas to create and manipulate Series and DataFrames.
• Create insightful data visualizations using Matplotlib.
• Write complex SQL queries with aggregate functions and joins.
• Seamlessly transfer data between SQL databases and Pandas.
• Understand core concepts of computer networks and internet security.
• Critically analyze the societal impact of technology.

Theory Syllabus & Marks Distribution (Total: 70 Marks)

The theory component is divided into four units, with a major focus on data handling and database management.

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Unit-by-Unit Deep Dive

Unit 1: Data Handling using Pandas and Data Visualization (25 Marks)

This is a high-weightage unit that forms the core of your practical skills.

• Python Libraries: You'll be introduced to the powerhouses of data science: Pandas and Matplotlib.
• Pandas Data Structures:
  • Series: Learn to create, index, slice, and perform mathematical operations on 1D Series objects.
  • DataFrames: Master the creation of 2D DataFrames from various sources like dictionaries, lists, and CSV files. You'll also learn to add, select, delete, and rename data and use functions like head() and tail() for quick inspections.
• Data Import/Export: Gain the essential skill of moving data between Pandas DataFrames and CSV files.
• Data Visualization: Bring your data to life! Learn to use Matplotlib to create and customize meaningful plots like line graphs, bar charts, and histograms, complete with labels, titles, and legends.

Unit 2: Database Query using SQL (25 Marks)

Building on your Class 11 foundation, this unit explores advanced SQL functionalities.

• SQL Functions: Enhance your queries with various functions:
  • Math: POWER(), ROUND(), MOD()
  • Text: UCASE(), LCASE(), TRIM(), SUBSTR(), LENGTH()
  • Date: NOW(), YEAR(), MONTH(), DAYNAME()
• Aggregate Functions: Learn to perform calculations on data sets using MAX(), MIN(), AVG(), SUM(), and COUNT().
• Advanced Queries: Master the use of GROUP BY, HAVING, and ORDER BY to group, filter, and sort your results.
• Joins: Learn to work with and retrieve data from two tables simultaneously using an equi-join.

Unit 3: Introduction to Computer Networks (10 Marks)

This unit covers the fundamentals of how computers connect and communicate.

• Network Fundamentals: Understand different network types (PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN), common network devices (router, switch, modem), and topologies (Star, Bus, Tree, Mesh).
• Internet Concepts: Explore the essentials of the internet, including URL, WWW, websites (static vs. dynamic), web servers, and hosting.
• Web Browsers: Learn about browser settings, cookies, add-ons, and plug-ins.

Unit 4: Societal Impacts (10 Marks)

A crucial unit that focuses on the ethical and societal dimensions of technology.

• Digital Citizenship: Learn about your digital footprint, communication etiquette, data protection, and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR).
• Cyber World: Understand concepts like plagiarism, copyright, cybercrime, hacking, phishing, and the Indian IT Act.
• E-Waste & Health: Become aware of the environmental hazards of e-waste and the health concerns associated with prolonged technology use.

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Practical Examination & Project Work (Total: 30 Marks)

Your practical skills are tested thoroughly. The marks are broken down as follows:

• Practical File: Must include a minimum of 15 Pandas programs, 4 Matplotlib plots, and 15 SQL queries.
• Project Work: You will undertake a project to solve a real-world problem using the concepts learned in class. This involves analyzing data with Python and visualizing the results. Remember to start early and avoid plagiarism!

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INFORMATICS PRACTICES COMPLETE SYLLABUS

Subject Code - 065 Class XII (2025-26)

1. Prerequisite: Informatics Practices – Class XI

2. Learning Outcomes

At the end of this course, students will be able to:

• Create Series, Data frames and apply various operations.
• Visualize data using relevant graphs.
• Design SQL queries using aggregate functions.
• Import/Export data between SQL database and Pandas.
• Learn terminology related to networking and internet.
• Identify internet security issues and configure browser settings.
• Understand the impact of technology on society including gender and disability issues.

3. Distribution of Marks and Periods

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4. Unit Wise syllabus

Unit 1: Data Handling using Pandas - I

• Introduction to Python libraries- Pandas, Matplotlib;
• Data structures in Pandas - Series and Data Frames.
• Series: Creation of Series from ndarray, dictionary, scalar value; mathematical operations; Head() and Tail() functions; Selection, Indexing and Slicing.
• Data Frames: creation- from dictionary of Series, list of dictionaries, Text/CSV files, display; iteration; Operations on rows and columns: add, select, delete, rename; Head and Tail functions; Indexing using Labels, Boolean Indexing;
• Importing/Exporting Data between CSV files and Data Frames.
• Data Visualization:
  • Purpose of plotting; drawing and saving following types of plots using Matplotlib – line plot, bar graph, histogram
  • Customizing plots: adding label, title, and legend in plots.

Unit 2: Database Query using SQL

• Revision of database concepts and SQL commands covered in class XI
• Math functions: POWER (), ROUND (), MOD ().
• Text functions: UCASE ()/UPPER (), LCASE ()/LOWER (), MID ()/SUBSTRING ()/SUBSTR (), LENGTH (), LEFT (), RIGHT (), INSTR (), LTRIM (), RTRIM (), TRIM ().
• Date Functions: NOW (), DATE (), MONTH (), MONTHNAME (), YEAR (), DAY (), DAYNAME ().
• Aggregate Functions: MAX (), MIN (), AVG (), SUM (), COUNT (); using COUNT (*).
• Querying and manipulating data using Group by, Having, Order by.
• Working with two tables using equi-join.

Unit 3: Introduction to Computer Networks

• Introduction to networks, Types of network: PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN.
• Network Devices: modem, hub, switch, repeater, router, gateway
• Network Topologies: Star, Bus, Tree, Mesh.
• Introduction to Internet, URL, WWW, and its applications- Web, email, Chat, VoIP.
• Website: Introduction, difference between a website and webpage, static vs dynamic web page, web server and hosting of a website.
• Web Browsers: Introduction, commonly used browsers, browser settings, add-ons and plug-ins, cookies.

Unit 4: Societal Impacts

• Digital footprint, net and communication etiquettes, data protection, intellectual property rights (IPR), plagiarism, licensing and copyright, free and open source software (FOSS), cybercrime and cyber laws, hacking, phishing, cyber bullying, overview of Indian IT Act.
• E-waste: hazards and management.
• Awareness about health concerns related to the usage of technology.

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Project Work

The aim of the class project is to create tangible and useful IT application. The learner may identify a real-world problem by exploring the environment. e.g. Students can visit shops/business places, communities or other organizations in their localities and enquire about the functioning of the organization, and how data are generated, stored, and managed.

The learner can take data stored in csv or database file and analyze using Python libraries and generate appropriate charts to visualize.

Learners can use Python libraries of their choice to develop software for their school or any other social good.

Learners should be sensitized to avoid plagiarism and violation of copyright issues while working on projects. Teachers should take necessary measures for this. Any resources (data, image etc.) used in the project must be suitably referenced.

The project can be done individually or in groups of 2 to 3 students. The project should be started by students at least 6 months before the submission deadline.

Practical Marks Distribution

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5. Suggested Practical List

5.1 Data Handling

1. Create a panda's series from a dictionary of values and a ndarray.
2. Given a Series, print all the elements that are above the 75th percentile.
3. Create a Data Frame quarterly sales where each row contains the item category, item name, and expenditure. Group the rows by the category and print the total expenditure per category.
4. Create a data frame for examination result and display row labels, column labels data types of each column and the dimensions.
5. Filter out rows based on different criteria such as duplicate rows.
6. Importing and exporting data between pandas and CSV file.

5.2 Visualization

1. Given the school result data, analyses the performance of the students on different parameters, e.g subject wise or class wise.
2. For the Data frames created above, analyze, and plot appropriate charts with title and legend.
3. Take data of your interest from an open source (e.g. data.gov.in), aggregate and summarize it. Then plot it using different plotting functions of the Matplotlib library.

5.3 Data Management

1. Create a student table with the student id, name, and marks as attributes where the student id is the primary key.
2. Insert the details of a new student in the above table.
3. Delete the details of a student in the above table.
4. Use the select command to get the details of the students with marks more than 80.
5. Find the min, max, sum, and average of the marks in a student marks table.
6. Find the total number of customers from each country in the table (customer ID, customer Name, country) using group by.
7. Write a SQL query to order the (student ID, marks) table in descending order of the marks.

By systematically covering each unit and dedicating ample time to hands-on practice, you can build a strong foundation and excel in your Class 12 Informatics Practices examination. Good luck